Senecavirus A - SVA (Seneca Valley Virus) belongs to Genus Senecavirus within the Picornaviridae family. The clinical signs are characterized by vesicles/blister and coalescing erosions on the snouts and coronary bands in clinically infected sows, nursery, and finishing pigs (Figure 1). Acute mortality in neonatal pigs has also been sporadically reported. The picture to the right is a microvesicle in the epidermis (skin) of a pig infected with SVA. SVA mRNA is stained by the red dots. (Provided by Dr. F. Vannucci at the MNVDL)
Previous attempts to fulfill Koch postulates with SVA have been unsuccessful, and data is lacking on modes of transmission, incubation period, and duration of viral shedding. Viremia associated with SVA is unknown, but the lab has retrieved whole genome sequences of SVA from sow serum. The majority of SVA sequences available from GenBank consist of the VP1 gene.
The Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (MNVDL) has identified SVA by real time PCR from vesicle/blister fluid, skin from snouts and hooves, lymph nodes, and serum from affected sows that concurrently test negative for FMDV, VSV, SVDV, and VESV. In addition, the virus has been detected in several tissues including brain, liver, spleen, lung, intestine, and heart from acutely dead piglets born from clinically infected sows.
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Archived resources on Senecavirus A
- Senecavirus A in swine powerpoint presentation (PDF)
- UMN VDL experience with Seneca Valley Virus (PDF)
- VDL Develops Antibody Test for SVV (article) (PDF)
- Journal Article on Seneca Valley Virus (PDF)
- Information from AASV on Seneca Valley Virus (PDF)
- USDA Recommendations for Swine with Potential Vesicular Disease (PDF)
- Longitudinal Study of Senecavirus A (PDF)